Photomemristor Structures Based on 2D Crystals for Biocompatible Information Sensor Systems

New biocompatible two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, etc.) exhibit immense potential in the formation of innovative broadband information sensor systems for the real-time monitoring and processing of visual data. Synapse-like memristor heterostructures are considered a new type of electronic gate with extremely low power consumption and small footprints, which can be used to overcome the limitations of modern digital electronics. The results of studying photomemristor structures, based on 2D materials, for efficient information processing in neural networks are reviewed. The photocatalytic oxidation of graphene makes it possible to form high-density memristor elements with resistive switching. Particular attention is paid to the concept of forming self-organizing photomemristor nanostructures and biocompatible sensor elements for obtaining and processing visual data. The 2D photomemristor structures exhibit multilevel states, which can be controlled in a wide wavelength range and can be used in neurohybrid sensor information systems to detect neural signals from the visual cortex and in synthetic-vision systems for pattern recognition and image processing.