Ultrasoft, mass-permeable, and low-impedance hydrogels for tissue-like skin-device interfaces

Flexible devices constructed on ultrathin polymer substrates have emerged as outstanding candidates for wearable bioelectron-ics that have superiority in applications in next-generation person-alized health monitoring and medical treatment,such as transcutaneous bioanalysis and therapy,and can provide the func-tionality of detecting biosignals and/or biomarkers [1-3] and deliv-ering drugs [4,5] as feedback via the human skin.For some disease detection and treatment,wearable bioelectronics devices are required to realize point-of-care therapy in practical applications.