Immersive technologies for the training of operators in the process industry: A Systematic Literature Review

Immersive technologies aim to improve crucial process and safety training by increasing motivation, engagement and skills development. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed to identify immersive technologies applications that have been published in the past twenty years and aimed to enhance the training and learning of operators in the process industry, with special emphasis on the chemical industry. A set of 44 articles was obtained following the PRISMA framework with backward and forward snowballing. They were examined based on type of training, industry and technology. Only very few studies (10 out of 44) reported a comparison of immersive and traditional training. Six performance indicators (time; number of: mistakes, hints and instruction repetitions; events and equipment identification) were named to evaluate the immersive experience. To allow for a consistent analysis of the quality of immersive training in future studies, an effectiveness-efficiency model from the trainee viewpoint is proposed. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.