Synergism inhibition and eradication activity of silver nitrate/potassium tellurite combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

Objectives Antibiotic resistance, biofilm and persistent infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a perilous challenge in the healthcare system. Hence, a vast number of novel antipseudomonas approaches are currently being pursued. Our group focuses on exploring the efficacy of metal(loid)-based antimicrobials (MBAs) towards novel infection control solutions. Methods Initially, nine MBAs were tested for biofilm prevention and eradication efficacy. Synergistic potentials were then screened systematically in a total of 1920 combinatorial MBA concentrations, in laboratory media [CAMHB and LB] and infection-related simulated wound fluid (SWF). The antibiofilm efficacy of the silver nitrate (AgNO3; 'Ag') with potassium tellurite (K2TeO3; 'Te') combination was examined against clinical antibiotic-resistant isolates and compared with the most used antibiotics. The in vitro resistance acquisition test, for exploring the chance of getting future resistance, and meta-analysis, for estimating Ag/Te human cell cytotoxicity, were carried out. Results The Ag/Te combination was identified as the most effective agent against P. aeruginosa biofilm. The application of the Ag/Te combination was quite effective against all clinical isolates. Comparison of clinical isolates with indicator strains showed clinical isolates are gaining resistance against the antibiotics (especially gentamicin) and Ag, while they are susceptible to Te and particularly the Ag/Te combination. The chance of getting future resistance against Ag/Te as a mixture was remarkably lower than the individual application of each metal. Te has significantly lower human cell cytotoxicity in comparison with Ag. Conclusions Te could be an appropriate alternative against P. aeruginosa biofilms (existing or prevention thereof), especially in combination with Ag.