Characterization of phospholipid-modified lung surfactant in vitro and in a neonatal ARDS model reveals anti-inflammatory potential and surfactant lipidome signatures

•Hyper-inflammation in the lung is a hallmark of pathophysiology in neonatal ARDS.•Anionic phospholipids attenuate inflammation in response to LPS stimulation.•Enrichment of surfactant preparations with anionic phospholipids maintains biophysical function.•MS profiling demonstrates stable lipidome signatures of surfactant in vivo.