2D hybrid epsilon near-zero platform for nanophotonics

In this work we, propose a tunable 2D-hydrid epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) platform in telecom windows. Taking advantage to the intrinsically ENZ of the Indium-thin-oxide (ITO) and exploiting the graphene capability to dynamically tune the plasmon polaritons we were able to adjust the cross-over frequency, where the epsilon vanishes, in four telecom bandwidth windows. Additionally, tunabilty can be achieved via electrical gating of the ITO leading to an interplay modulation of the surface plasmon polaritons at the graphene-ITO interface. Furthermore, a giant Purcell factor (PF) was observed at ENZ regimes. These results show how 2D-hybrid ENZ materials potentially find applications in multifunctional nonlinear nanophotonic systems such as ultrafast modulators, data processing and photonic quantum computers (QPCs).