High-impedance fault detection on downed conductor in overhead distribution networks

High impedance faults (HIF) may occur in the medium voltage distribution systems and constitute a danger to human beings. Many cases of HIF are caused due to downed power cables in the distribution network. These cables in contact with the ground generate a great risk to the population, animals and fire risk. In this paper, a methodology for detecting HIF, generated by cable breakage, is presented. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the harmonic and symmetrical components of the current. The method aims to gain reliability in HIF detection, where the detection of conductor breakage incorporated into the method allows a better distinction of HIF from other events. A distribution network based on a Brazilian real feeder was implemented, as well as two well know HIF models. The method is validated using real-time digital simulations and hardware implementa-tion, or HIL (hardware-in-the-loop) concept with OPAL-RT real-time simulator. A comparison with other methods is also performed in order to evaluate the performance of the method. The results show that the pro-posed methodology has presented a better performance under different types of HIF, models of HIF, and achieved a general accuracy of 90% and security of 100% for the tests performed.