Geographies of Crime

Geographies of crime are based on the spatial concept that combines social, natural, and environmental sciences. Geographic information systems crime analysts are highly sought after by law enforcement agencies from the local to the international level around the globe. Positive spatial autocorrelation (SA) is an arrangement where crime locations with similar attribute values are spatially clustered. In contrast, spatial cold spots are crimes with low attribute values that are spatially close. The starting point to measure the local Moran is crime data aggregated to enumeration units and visualized in the form of a choropleth map. The discussion of geographies of crime focuses primarily on the spatial concept and Tobler's first law (TFL) of geography. TFL is probably the most important law in geography, since its concept is the basis of many spatial statistical methods that have been developed since its publication, and include SA, spatial interpolation, and different ways to identify spatial hot and cold spots.