Content Augmentation in Virtual Reality with Cognitive-Conflict-Based Brain-Computer Interface

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has become a mature technology with the capability to deliver higher levels of immersion and presence to users. Besides, it has been widely adopted to design and develop a new range of immersive tools, applications, and experiences in health, training, entertainment, art, etc. On the other end, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have shown the capability to communicate and control using brain signals. Fusing the capabilities of VR and BCI has the potential to increase the overall communication bandwidth of interaction. Although multiple kinds of BCI paradigms can be used, each comes with different pros and cons. In this chapter, we aim to explore existing BCI techniques as well as introduce a lesser-known BCI paradigm for VR known as cognitive conflict. The fusion of VR and BCI opens opportunities and applications for clinical, training, entertainment, and evaluation purposes.