Different type of matrix for cardiac implants: biomedical and bioengineering aspects

The rapid growth of cardiovascular morbidity and high mortality rates of patients with congenital heart disease requiring surgery have led to the search for new modern approaches to the treatment of these groups of patients. The main trends today include the use of cardiaс implants of synthetic and biological origin. Of particular interest are scaffolds based on the decellularized extracellular matrix, which in its functional and structural characteristics is close to the native pericardium. In contrast to synthetic analogues, such grafts can fully replace a tissue or an organ defects, and then integrate and function properly. This review presents the characteristics of different types of matrices used in cardiac surgery. The advantages and disadvantages of commercially available cardiac bioimplants currently used in the world are analyzed.