Methods for mitigating effects induced by tunnelling on nearby existing buildings in cities

Tunnelling in urban areas in soft soil conditions has risks of negative impacts on nearby existing buildings. When buildings are in/on influence zones induced by tunnelling, they can be damaged in the case of without any mitigating methods applied. This paper summarizes and presents a three category classification of mitigating effects induced by tunneling including methods in tunnel design and tunnelling process, and soil improvement methods, as well as reinforcement for buildings. On the basis of the study, designers and engineers can obtain suitable solutions for their safe tunnel projects.