Conduction and Inertia Correction for Transient Thermocouple Measurements. Part II: Experimental Validation and Application

Thermocouples are often used for temperature measurements. Under transient conditions, measurement errors can occur due to capacitive inertia and heat conduction along the stem of the thermocouples. To correct such errors, a method is presented in Part I [1] of this paper, which uses a simplified analytical approach and a numerical solution. In the present work, this method is applied to temperature measurements. Several experiments with different thermocouple designs were performed to investigate different conditions such as installation depth, thermocouple type and transient temperature rises. In all cases, two thermocouples were placed so that they are exposed to the same fluid temperature. They are installed with short or long immersion length, respectively. It is shown that only the short thermocouple experiences a thermal conduction error, but both are subject to thermal inertia. The importance of compensating for these effects is shown by quantifying the errors in a typical heat transfer experiment when they are neglected. It is shown, which parameters are necessary for a re-calculation of fluid temperatures when two thermocouples are present at the same measuring position. Furthermore, a simplified method is described, which can be applied if the instrumentation of only one thermocouple is possible.