Signaling for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Plants copiously rely on intense sensitivity recognition and acclimation mechanisms to cope against various environmental perturbations. Abiotic stresses such as water availability (drought or flooding), salinity, nutrient stress and metal stress aregrievous threatto the global agriculture as they hinder the crop plant to attain its whole genetic potential resulting in the notable yield loss. Signal transduction networks validate the plants in stress signal perception accompanied by transduction than finally inception of the response. Stress signal transduction and its perception is hugely decisive step to conquer these environmental obstacles for the better growth and survival of the crop plant. This review emphasizes on various pathways namely hormone signaling and their cross talk, ROS signaling, ABA signaling, Ion homeostasis, MAPK pathways, SOS signaling and transcriptional factors (TFs). Peculiarly, in future recent biotechnological innovations will help in understanding the gene function and ingress to whole genome sequences provide new guidance for crop refinement.