Serum Bile Acids in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), Versus Pregnant and Nonpregnant Controls in Asian Indian Women and a Proposed Scoring to Optimize Management in ICP

Objectives This prospective clinical trial was conducted to assess serum bile acids (BA) levels in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) compared to both pregnant and non-pregnant controls; and evaluate perinatal outcome in relation to bile acid levels. A scoring is proposed based on biochemical markers to optimize management in ICP cases. Materials and Methods Serum bile-acids(BA) were assessed in 71 intrahepatic-cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) cases (group-I), versus 50 pregnant (group-II) and 35 non-pregnant (group-III) controls. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was administered in ICP group. Baseline bilirubin (SB), aminotransferases (AT), alkaline-phosphatase were sent in groups I & II. Investigations were repeated in group-I after 4 weeks. Perinatal complications were noted. Results Mean BA in group-I was 75.92 ± 39.9 µmol/L which reduced to 41.3 ± 15.4 µmol/L(45.6%, p < 0.001) with UDCA. Mean BA was 29.2 ± 5.7 and 5.9 ± 1.8 µmol/L in group-II and group-III. UDCA significantly reduced itching-score. Rate of fetal distress linearly increased with the increasing baseline levels of serum BA, AT and SB: from 2.5 to 100% at BA < 40 and ≥ 200 µmol/L, ( p = 0.008); from 16.1 to 100% at AT < 100 and ≥ 500 IU/mL( p = 0.016); and from 6.8 to 100% at SB < 0.8 and > 5 mg/dL ( p = 0.001); respectively. Their baseline levels were divided into 5 groups in correlation to fetal distress. Serum BA < 40, 40–80, 80–120, 120–200, ≥ 200 µmol/L; AT < 100,100–200,200–500, ≥ 500 IU/mL; and SB < 0.8, 0.8–1.0, 1.1–2, 2.1–5 and > 5 mg/dL. Nutan ICP scoring was proposed with a score 0 to 4 given to each parameter and score-based management protocol was suggested for fetal surveillance and delivery. Conclusions SBA are higher in Asian Indian pregnant women. Levels > 30 µmol/L can be taken as a cut off for diagnosing ICP in Asian-Indian women. Adopting higher cut-offs for this geographic part will avoid over-diagnosing ICP and iatrogenic early termination of pregnancy. Suggested scoring will help clinicians in optimizing the time of delivery on an individualized basis.