Application of the Steric Mass Action formalism for modeling under high loading conditions: Part 2. Investigation of high loading and column overloading effects

•Complex elution behavior was observed at high loading and overloading conditions.•Multi-component elution strongly influences peak shapes at high column loads.•Intraparticle diffusion is strongly influenced by binding strength.•Bispecific antibody conformations lead to complex elution profiles at low pH.•Observed deviations were generally not the result of SMA model limitations.