Induced neural stem cells from Macaca fascicularis show potential of dopaminergic neuron specification and efficacy in a mouse Parkinson's disease model.

Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can be reprogrammed from somatic cells and have shown potentials in treatment of various neurological diseases/disorders. Obtaining iNSCs of nonhuman primates serves as an important bridge for clinical translation using iNSCs. In the current study, cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were reprogrammed into iNSCs by transduction of non-integrative Sendai virus encoding transgenes OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC. The obtained iNSCs showed characteristics of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) and could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, iNSCs could give rise to dopaminergic neural cells in vitro, which showed safety and efficacy after transplantation into the striatum of an immunodeficient mouse Parkinson's disease (PD) model.