Review on VCSEL Technology and Communication Methods for a Novel FPGA based Hybrid FSO - FIBER Optical Communication System

Communication technologies such as wireless and optical fiber are vital components of today’s environment. As demand for increased data transfer and new technologies increases, novel research must be performed to combine the benefits of both technologies. In this case, optical communication technologies serve as the backbone of wireless technology. Currently, only a few studies have been conducted on Free Space Optical (FSO) communication employing Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and VerticalCavity SurfaceEmitting Lasers (VCSELs). When VCSEL is paired in conjunction with FPGA, there are only very few existing designs. These published researches cover many subjects yet are exceedingly complex and fragmented. The principal purpose of this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is to identify the research trends and emerging themes in the development of FPGA-based Optical Hybrid Fiber - FSO Communication Systems. This review incorporates articles from prestigious journals that were indexed in scientific databases such as Science Direct, Shodh Ganga, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This SLR exhibits the reliability and compatibility of FPGA-based FSOs when used with a lowcost optical source VerticalCavity SurfaceEmitting Laser Diode VCSEL), a range of technologies, communication methods, and approaches. This FPGA-based FSO is designed for optical communication applications that require highly secure transmission schemes, low radiation noise, a low bit error rate (BER), and increased data transfer rates. Additionally, VCSEL has a current threshold that is low, maximum conversion efficiency of power, and least consumption of power. Findings of this study can be used to direct future research in the area of hybrid Fiber-FSO optical communication systems development utilizing VCSEL and FPGA.