Microbiome As Cancer Biomarkers

Cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide due to their complexity, diversity, risk of reoccurrence, and limited therapeutic options, which are further hindered by the potential side effects. Moreover, the limited potential of detection tools lead to the severity of different types of cancers. An early detection definitely increases the chances of recovery and survival rates. To this end, microbiome, representing the collection of all microorganisms and their genes that live on and inside the body, is recognized as an important player in the diagnosis of different types of cancers. Different well-studied human microbiomes mainly comprising of different bacteria have potential etiological roles in carcinogenesis and/or modulating the individual response to therapies. This chapter provides the current knowledge on different healthy microbiome of different parts of the body and how it is altered during the development of different types of cancers. Specifically, it discusses the microbiome of intestine, oral, lung, vagina, gut, uterus, skin, etc. and their role as biomarkers for the detection of colorectal, pancreatic, liver, breast, lung, cervical, oral and oropharyngeal, and skin cancers. We also provided the current knowledge of microbiota-based therapeutics and management of different types of cancers through different therapies.