A Gateway Deployment Approach for Manet Based on the Particle Swarm Algorithm

At present, lots of multi-hop wireless networks such as wireless sensor network, unmanned aerial vehicle network and Internet of vehicles constructed by Ad hoc network technology, are interconnected into the Internet through gateways. Due to the limited capacity and coverage range of each gateway, multiple gateways are usually deployed in the network to increase the coverage and bandwidth capacity of the gateways. However, if the load balancing mechanism is not introduced, the unbalanced gateway loads can lead to poor network service quality even if the current load capacity of the gateway does not reach the maximum available capacity threshold of the gateway. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive gateway deployment approach based on particle swarm algorithms. This approach first establishes the optimal model of gateway deployment according to the coverage constraints, capacity constraints and load balancing indicators of gateway. Secondly, the optimal number of gateways that satisfies the gateway coverage constraint and capacity constraint is calculated using the variable-length particle swarm algorithm. Then, considering the gateway load metric as a constraint, the gateways are deployed using the standard particle swarm algorithm to achieve load balancing of the gateway. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed gateway deployment algorithm can improve the gateway coverage and realize the load balancing of the gateway.