Model Reference Control by Recurrent Neural Network Built with Paraconsistent Neurons for Trajectory Tracking of a Rotary Inverted Pendulum

This investigation presents a recurrent paraconsistent neural network (RPNN), as the main element of the model reference control (MRC) strategy for the rotary inverted pendulum (RIP). The RIP character-istics, such as nonlinearity, two-degree-of-freedom (2DoF) motion, and under-actuated system, make it an ideal device to apply and test the RPNN. The designed paraconsistent neural model reference controller (PNMRC) uses three RPNNs: two of them to model the arm and pendulum angles and the third one to control the system while tracking a reference trajectory. The hidden neurons of the RPNN use the paraconsistent annotated logic by 2-value annotations (PAL2v) rules as an activation function. PAL2v, as a member of the paraconsistent logics family, deals with uncertain and contradictory data, representing a potentially robust alternative to applications of artificial neural networks in control. The PAL2v neuron is detailed and compared with other activation functions in recurrent neural networks (RNN). With real-time experiments, the PNMRC strategy is compared with classical control methodology, presenting excellent performance. ?? 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.