Ethanol-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Poplar Using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as Catalyst

Although the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil with high yield/quality through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is promising, it still faces many challenges. In this study, a Fe-x-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared with the coprecipitation method and low-content ethanol was used as the cosolvent for the HTL of poplar. The results showed that the Fe-x-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 catalyst significantly promoted the yield and energy recovery rate (ERR) of bio-oil compared with the control (10% ethanol content). At 260 degrees C for 30 min, 60Fe-40Co/Al2O3 had the best catalytic effect, achieving the highest bio-oil yield (67.35%) and ERR (93.07%). As a multifunctional bimetallic catalyst, Fe-x-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 could not only increase the degree of hydrogenation deoxidization of the product but also promote the diversity of phenolic compounds gained from lignin. The bio-oil obtained from HTL with Fe-x-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 as catalyst contained lower heterocyclic nitrogen, promoting the transfer of more bio-oil components to substances with lower boiling point.