Increased Serum Concentrations of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Children with Acute Rheumatic Fever

Aim: In this single-centre prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the role of growth differentiation factor-15 in children with acute rheumatic fever. Methods: The study group included 25 children with acute rheumatic fever, and the control group included 25 healthy children. In addition to routine laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and treatment of acute rheumatic fever, growth differentiation factor-15 levels of the study group (at the time of diagnosis and after the treatment) and the control group were assessed and compared. Results: The mean growth differentiation factor-15 level of the study group at the time of diagnosis (918.40 +/- 605.65 pg/ ml) was significantly higher than the mean post-treatment level (653.08 +/- 330.92 pg/ ml) (p = 0.015). Similarly, the mean growth differentiation factor-15 level of the study group at the time of diagnosis was significantly higher than the control group ( p = 0.04). However, mean growth differentiation factor- 15 levels were similar between the groups after the treatment. Growth differentiation factor-15 was positively correlated with both C-reactive protein ( p < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.001) at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Growth differentiation factor-15 levels are significantly increased in children with acute rheumatic fever at the time of diagnosis and return to similar levels with healthy children after treatment. Growth differentiation factor-15 is positively and significantly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein at the time of diagnosis.