Mathematical Modeling and Designing a Heavy Hybrid-Electric Quadcopter, Controlled by Flaps

Systematic hybrid-electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and, especially, quadcopters are so promising due to their long flight endurance and their usage in patrol and rescue missions which gain a high interest to be under examination and test scope by researchers; however, a complete mathematical design is required to fulfill theoretical complexities such as aerodynamic analysis and flight dynamics models related. This paper investigates salient sections from hypothesis to implementation. Researchers at Drone Hopper company have conducted various calculations to perform a precise novel platform called Duty-Hopper (DH). The benefit of this design is to control the attitude by flap vanes and electrical ducted fans (EDFs) when using gasoline engines; while, the principle propellers only lift the drone. This paper examines the attitude control system of DH, once using only flaps, then by only EDFs, and eventually, by compounding both. During this research, the scientific software used is ANSYS-Fluent and MATLAB-SimScape to analyze the entire body of the DH. Furthermore, a robust fault-tolerant controller is designed to immune the DH against internal and external errors. Our research reveals that using flaps is a feasible way to control attitude when it is augmented by EDFs.