Enhanced Electrochemical Performance by Structural Design of Electrolyte Surface Combining 3d Printing Technology with Multi-Physical Modeling

•SLA 3D printing technology tailored the electrolyte interface to improve the cell performance.•Multi-physical field modeling was applied to explore the mechanism of the concavo-convex cell to increase the cell performance.•Mathematical model of the cell performance and parameters caused by the electrolyte structure was developed.•Structure design of electrolyte surface enhances the SOFC performance by both effective contact area and ion transfer path length.•Concavo-convex cell showed superior performance than planar cell.