Entanglement of the Rights of the Child, Well-Being and Justice: A Conceptual Framework for Child Protection and Well-Being

Background: Human Rights (HRs) framework supports improving human health status and the reduction of health inequalities through action on Social Determinants of Health (SDH). Given the shortcoming of HRs to protect the children, the question is, how can we ensure child protection and well-being rather than just child health? Methods: In this conceptual analysis study, first, we explain the fundamental rights of the child and the steering role of them in moving towards health equity through action on SDH; second, meanwhile argue the shortcoming of rights-based protection, provide a list of the core capabilities and corresponding rights of the child; and third, we represent a conceptual framework for child protection and well-being using both HRs norms and moral entitlements based on recent ethical theories of justice, with a preventive approach. Results: According to the framework, HRs instruments should lead to the protection of the child and the development of core capabilities through addressing social determinants and providing equal opportunities, of which the ability to live a healthy life is just one. In addition, actualizing these capabilities depends on the context. Since achieving well-being rather than just the health, in addition to acquiring the core capabilities as states of beings, implies their function as doings, that requires considering the socioecological context to provide means necessary to meet the essential dimensions of well-being at the level of adequacy. Conclusion: Implementing the suggested framework requires that each country create a national action framework and determine the role and duties of the responsible organizations.