Perioperative Care of the Surgical Patient: Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors

Orthopedic oncology is one of the newest subspecialties in orthopedics that specializes in the management of musculoskeletal tumors, which are slowly increasing globally. Recently there have been important developments and amputation is no longer the only option to achieve local control in malignant bone tumors. The medical objective is to preserve the function of the injured area without compromising overall disease survival. This is bringing improvements in the overall quality of life for patients. The complexity of managing these patients requires collaboration between multidisciplinary teams. The causes of malignant tumors in skeletal muscle tissue are diverse and include primary and secondary tumors. The bone is the third most frequent site where metastatic lesions settle after the lungs and liver. Surgical treatment for these diseases is complex and oncoanesthesiologists play an important role in contributing to good outcomes. Surgery involves resection of the bone and the affected tissues and subsequent reconstruction, sometimes with modular prostheses. Intensive physical and psychologic rehabilitation is often necessary afterward.