Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cultellus Attenuatus and Its Phylogenetic Implications.

Background The mitochondrial genomes of three species in Solenoidea of Heterodonta have been reported, but the mitochondrial genes and phylogenetic relationships of Cultellus attenuatus , which also belongs to this superfamily and has high economic value, are unknown. Methods and results The complete mitochondrial genome of C. attenuatus was sequenced and compared with mitogenomes of seven species of Heterodonta bivalve mollusks in GenBank. The mitochondrial genome of C. attenuatus has a length of 16,888 bp and contains 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs. In comparison with C. attenuates , the mitochondrial genes of Sinonovacula constricta from the same family were not rearranged, but those of six other species from different families were rearranged to different degrees. The location, size, and composition of the largest noncoding regions in eight species suggested a closer relationship between C. attenuatus and S. constricta . The phylogenetic analysis showed that C. attenuatus and S. constricta belonging to Cultellidae cluster into one branch and that two species of Solenidae ( Solen grandis and Solen strictus ) clustered as their sister taxa. Conclusions Overall, we used mitochondrial genome data to demonstrate that C. attenuatus and S. constricta exhibit the closest relationship in Heterodonta. These data and analyses provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships in Heterodonta.