Eukaryotic Ribosome Assembly, Quality Control and Export

Eukaryotic ribosome assembly spans three cellular compartments and requires the concerted action of three RNA polymerases, the splicing and nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery. This process also requires >200 transiently interacting factors including a range of energy-consuming enzymes and RNA-binding scaffolds, that perform both assembly and proofreading functions. Although the detailed mechanisms of ribosome formation have not yet been fully elucidated, a general framework for this process has emerged from a combination of genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches applied to the model organism budding yeast. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of yeast ribosome assembly, quality control and nuclear export.