Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Mental Health Well-Being among Adolescents

Background: An individual naturally possesses risk factors that may develop as the stressors and protective factors that would affect their mental well-being. Aim: This study ought to explore the effect of risk factor (bullying, anxiety, stress, emotional issue, behavioral issue, hyperactivity, and issue with peers) and protective factor (self-esteem, family relationship, prosocial) on the mental health status among adolescents. Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving 240 junior high school students in the area of Denpasar City, Bali. Participants were asked to fill the research instrument using questionnaires. The SPSS 23.0 and smart PLS was employed to analyzed the collected data. Result: Findings revealed that the risk factor had delivered a negative and significant effect on the protective factor and mental health status. Further, statistical analysis also discovered the positive and significant effect of the protective factor on the mental health status. Protective factor also performed as a significant mediator that affected the influence of the risk factor’s impact on the mental health status. Conclusion: The risk factor needs to be prevented and the protective factor is necessary to be enhanced to maintain the state of mental well-being among the adolescents.