Development of multiple machine-learning computational techniques for optimization of heterogenous catalytic biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil

Multiple machine learning models were developed in this study to optimize biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in a heterogenous catalytic reaction mode. Several input parameters were considered for the model including reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, whereas the percent of biodiesel production yield was the only output. Three ensemble models were utilized in this study: Boosted Linear Regression, Boosted Multi-layer Perceptron, and Forest of Randomized Tree for optimization of the yield. We then found their optimized configurations for each model, namely hyper-parameters. This critical task is done by running more than 1000 combinations of hyper-parameters. Finally, The R2-Scores for Boosted Linear Regression, Boosted Multi-layer Perceptron, and Forest of Randomized Tree, respectively, were 0.926, 0.998, and 0.992. MAPE criterion revealed that the error rates for boosted linear regression, boosted multi-layer perceptron, and Forest of Randomized Tree was 5.68 × 10-2, 5.20 × 10-2, and 9.83 × 10-2, respectively. Furthermore, utilizing the input vector (X1 = 165, X2 = 5.72, X3 = 5.55, X4 = 13.0), the proposed technique produces an ideal output value of 96.7 % as the optimum yield in catalytic production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil.