Antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties of SIP-IV, a sulfated polysaccharide from Sepia esculenta ink, and its derivatives

Carboxymethylated, phosphorylated and sulfated derivatives of SIP-IV, a polysaccharide derived from Sepia esculenta ink, were prepared and their antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties were evaluated. Data showed that sulfation and phosphorylation modification improved antioxidant activity of SIP-IV, but carboxymethylation impaired the property. In vitro data showed that SIP-IV and its three modified derivatives could significantly prolong activated partial thrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT), and also exhibited thrombolysis activity. In vivo, these polymers alleviated chemotherapy-induced blood hypercoagulation by reversing abnormal levels of coagulation factors II and X, and antithrombin III in plasma, resulting in prolonged bleeding time. Moreover, the polysaccharides play an antagonistic role against chemotherapy-mediated liver oxidative stress. Sulfate-modified polysaccharide (S-SIP-IV) has the best anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antioxidant effects.