COVID-19, Co-Morbidities and Its Impact on Prognosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

In December 2019, a new human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered in Wuhan, China. Since then, the virus has spread over the world, affecting over 180 nations. SARS-CoV-2 has infected people of all ages, races, and genders, infecting both men and women and spreading at an alarming pace across communities. Given the virus's origin, much remains unknown; however, we do know that clinical presentations vary from a typical cold to more serious infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, and even death. COVID-19 is thought to have a more fast and severe progression in people with underlying health issues or co-morbidities, frequently resulting in death. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bangladesh's Tertiary care hospital. 534 patients were selected for this study. Medical history, age, gender, and co-morbidities (including Hypertension, Diabetes, and CKD, etc.) were recorded at the time of diagnosis, biochemical parameters such as CRP, ESR, creatinine, FBS, Hb, and LDH were also recorded. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at diagnosis and throughout the follow-up of these patients. Results: The comorbid conditions, illness progression, and death rates in patients from a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital were investigated in this study. COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities, such as hypertension or diabetes, are more likely to have a more severe course and development of the disease. Furthermore, individuals over the age of 60 who have co-morbidities and are infected have a higher incidence of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and death from the COVID-19. Conclusion: Where Vaccination, Early diagnosis, and Management lead to a better prognosis, patients with co-morbidities should take all steps to prevent contracting SARS CoV-2 since their prognosis is generally the poorest.