Multi-resolution topographic analysis in hexagonal Discrete Global Grid Systems

Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) have been increasingly adopted as a standard framework for multi-source geospatial data. Previous research largely studied the mathematical foundation of discrete global grids, developed open-source libraries, and explored their application as data integration platforms. This study investigated the multi-resolution terrain analysis in a pure hexagonal DGGS environment, including descriptive statistics, topographic parameters, and topographic indices. Experiments across multiple grid resolutions were carried out in three study areas with different terrain roughness in Alberta, Canada. Five algorithms were proposed to calculate both the slope gradient and terrain aspect. A cell-based pair-wise comparison showed a strong positive correlation between the gradient values as calculated from five algorithms. The grid resolutions as well as the terrain roughness had a clear effect on the computed slope gradient and topographic indices. This research aims to enhance the analytical functionality of hexagonal DGGS to better support decision-making in real world problems.