Relationship Among Coronary Artery Calcium Score, Myocardial Perfusion SPECT and Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Disease

Since Agatston et al. first reported quantification of the coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in 1990, discussion of its clinical significance and use in diagnostic management has continued. Recent papers have reported the relationship between CACS and myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT: MPS) and its combined diagnostic value. When interpreting CACS results, it should be noted that the frequency of significant ischemia detected by MPS, likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD), and event rate gradually increased from mild to moderate CACS (1-400). At present, high CACS is considered to be moderately consistent with abnormal MPS, and abnormal CACS in normal MPS may contribute to CAD risk stratification. However, it should be noted that CACS=0 does not completely exclude CAD, which is particularly important when using CACS as a gatekeeper for MPS. Both stand-alone computed tomography (CT) scanner and hybrid SPECT-CT scanner are available for combined risk stratification of CACS and MPS in addition to improvement of image quality with attenuation correction.