Associations of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Loneliness, Depression, and Loss of Interest Among Chinese Older Males and Females

As China experiences a rapidly aging population, the prevalence of Chinese older adults suffering from mental health issues also increases. Because cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are two major public health concerns in China, we examined smoking and alcohol consumption status with loneliness, depression, and loss of interest among Chinese older adults. Panel data were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, and older adults were selected as the final study sample (age ≥ 65) from two different time points (the 2011–2012 and 2014 waves). We analyzed Chinese older men and women with the adoption of panel logistic regression models to study mental health measurements of loneliness, depression, and loss of interest. Among males, compared with non-alcohol users, former alcohol users had higher odds of reporting depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.91; p < 0.05), while current alcohol users did not. Current and former smoking statuses were positively associated with depression (all p < 0.05). However, only current smoking status was positively associated with loss of interest ( p < 0.05). Among females, former alcohol consumption was positively associated with loneliness, and current alcohol consumption was positively associated with depression. Health practitioners should evaluate the roles of smoking and alcohol consumption on Chinese older adults’ mental health measurements in the long term.