[Epilepsy surgery seems underutilized in Sweden].

Epilepsy surgery should be considered for individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. The pre-surgical evaluation is highly multi-disciplinary and performed by a team consisting of neurologists, neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, neuropsychologists, biomedical scientists, speech-language pathologists and nursing staff. The evaluation comprises of a meticulous medical history with focus on seizure semiology, a 3 Tesla MRI, ictal video-EEG, neuropsychological evaluation and sometimes also MEG, nTMS, fMRI, PET or SISCOM/ictal SPECT. Occasionally, invasive monitoring with intracranial electrodes is necessary. Surgical options in treatment of epilepsy range from open resections of epileptogenic areas to focal ablations and neurostimulation. There is evidence of epilepsy surgery being an effective treatment in carefully selected cases. Epilepsy surgery seems underutilized in Sweden and referrals for epilepsy surgery work-up need to increase.