The Consumption Ratio of Animal Cooking Oil to Vegetable Cooking Oil and Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Southwest China

Background: Cooking oil is closed with daily life and broad of human health. However, associations between the consumption ratio of animal cooking oil to vegetable cooking oil (CRAV) and T2DM remain absent. We aimed to prospectively examine the effect of a balanced intake of animal cooking oil and vegetable cooking oil on T2DM.Methods: A 10-year prospective study of 9280 adults was conducted in Guizhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. During the follow-up, multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to assess the association between CRAV and the subsequent incident T2DM.Findings: A total of 747 cases were documented during a median follow-up time of 8.58 years. Compared with those in the first quintiles, the HRs and 95% CIs for the highest quintiles were 1.28 (1.01, 1.63) for animal cooking oil and 1.56 (1.25, 1.95) for vegetable cooking oil after multivariable adjustment, (P=0.00059 and P<0.0001 for trend), respectively. The multivariable adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the second to fifth quintiles of CRAV were 0.79 (0.64, 0.99), 0.65 (0.51, 0.83), 0.68 (0.54, 0.85), and 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) (P =0.26 for trend), compared to the first quintile.Interpretation: Higher animal cooking oil and vegetable cooking oil consumption are both associated with a higher risk of T2DM, while CRAV is associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These results imply that a proper proportion of cooking oil intake is beneficial for a reduced risk of T2DM.Funding Information: The study was supported by Guizhou province science and technology support program (Qiankehe [2018]2819) and [2021]446.Declaration of Interests: We declare no conflict of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: We obtained the approval of institutional Review Committee of the Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (No. S2017- 02) for the implementation of this study. All participants signed written informed consent.