The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae)

Four genera and 58 species of the web-spinning or leaf-rolling sawfly subfamily Pamphiliinae are recognized in the Russian Far East and Korea. Pamphilius belokobylskiji sp. nov. and Pamphilius graciloides sp. nov. are described from Primorskij Kraj (Russia) and Korea. Pamphilius zinovjevi Shinohara, 1988, is syn. nov. of Pamphilius ussuriensis Shinohara, 1988. Lectotypes are designated for Lyda hilaris Eversmann, 1847, Lyda kumamotonis Matsumura, 1912, Lyda sapporensis Matsumura, 1912, Pamphilius virescens Malaise, 1931, and Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935. Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971, and Pamphilius hilaris (Eversmann, 1847) are newly recorded from Korea. Keys are given to separate the two tribes, four genera and 58 species. Additional collection records from Primorskij Kraj and Korea and photographs of all the species treated are given. The number of the specimens examined for each species, in total over 16000, is noted under the respective species. We undertook molecular analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) for 597 specimens and of the nuclear gene sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (NaK) for 271 specimens. Based on the results, we assess the monophyly of each supraspecific taxon and each intrageneric species group or subgroup and the hypotheses about their relationships. The tribe Neurotomini with its single genus Neurotoma, the tribe Pamphiliini and the genus Onycholyda are considered monophyletic with 99100% UFBoot supports, whereas monophyly of the genus Pamphilius is not sufficiently supported by the COI results. The three available datasets, namely, morphology (Shinohara, 2002b), COI genes (present work) and NaK genes (present work), support three different hypotheses of relationships within the tribe Pamphiliini.