A bi-cyclic co-optimization method for sizing of electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage microgrid

An AC/DC microgrid (MG) integrating renewable energy sources and an electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can play a vital role in the future low-carbon society. Due to the nonlinear and strong coupling relationships between the sizing parameters of the microgrid components and the operation strategy parameters, research on these two problems in a coupled manner for an electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage microgrid is essential. This paper proposes a bi-cyclic co-optimization method for optimally sizing the microgrid components cost-effectively. Based on the proposed co-optimization framework, a MILP-based scheduling algorithm works as an inner optimization cycle to determine the best operational scheduling, and a PSO-based sizing algorithm works as an outer optimization cycle to search for the best size of each component. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of the demand response and the superiority of the proposed method over a rule-based operating strategy. In addition, a 1 h rolling horizon simulation and technical evaluation metrics are used to illustrate the validity of the sizing results.