Significant enhancement of the output voltage of piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid nanogenerators based on MAPbBr3 single crystals embedded into a porous PVDF matrix

Methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals (SCs)-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites (NCs) are fabricated by using a simple sol-gel method. Uniform MAPbBr3 SCs are successfully embedded in a porous PVDF matrix to effect a synergism between an enhanced piezoelectric effect and enhanced charge accumulation. A piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is fabricated utilizing the MAPbBr3 SCs-PVDF NCs as a dielectric layer in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and its performance is compared with that of a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on MAPbBr3-PVDF NCs. The HNG based on the MAPbBr3 SCs-PVDF NCs showed the highest output voltage, 256 V, which is 3.87 times higher than that of the PENG based on the same NCs. The power density (16.17 mA/cm2) of the HNG based on MAPbBr3 SCs-PVDF NCs is approximately 200 times larger than that of the PENG based on the same NCs. This enhancement of the performance of HNG based on the MAPbBr3 SCs-PVDF NCs can be attributed to the very large tribo-piezoelectric coupling efficiency due to the existence of the MAPbBr3 SCs uniformly formed in the porous PVDF matrix.