Detection and Yield of Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Adults with PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer surveillance (CCS) with colonoscopy every five years is advised for PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome patients aged >= 40. However, data to support CCS guidelines are scarce and available colorectal cancer (CRC) risks are likely overestimated and low up to age 50. We aimed to assess the detection and yield of CCS for PHTS patients aged >= 40 seen at a PHTS expertise centre. Thirty-seven patients (median age 47 years) underwent 61 colonoscopies during 67 follow-up years. CCS yielded no CRCs. Adenomas were found in one-third of the cohort, including one advanced adenoma. The adenoma yield at baseline was similar to follow-up and higher above age 50 compared to age 50 or below. The low yield allows for a more personalised surveillance program. Combining our data with literature findings on CRC risk and progression, we suggest starting CCS at age 40 with variable follow-up intervals between 1 and 10 years depending on previous colonoscopy findings. Colorectal cancer surveillance (CCS) with colonoscopy every five years is advised for PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS) patients aged >= 40 due to an increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, data to support CCS guidelines are scarce and available CRC risks are low (0-5% at age 50) and likely overestimated. We aimed to assess the detection and yield of CCS for PHTS patients without a CRC history. A retrospective cohort study including PHTS patients aged >= 40 with CCS at a PHTS expertise centre between 2011 and 2022. Adenomas with a >= 10 mm size, (tubulo)villous histology, or high-grade dysplasia were considered advanced. During 67 follow-up years, 37 patients (median age 47 years) underwent 61 colonoscopies. CCS yielded no CRCs. Adenomas were diagnosed in 13/37 (35%) patients during 23/100 colonoscopies (95% CI: 14-36), including one advanced adenoma. Baseline adenoma detection rates were similar to follow-up and higher in patients aged above 50 (50/100, 95% CI: 24-76) vs. age 50 or below (11/100, 95% CI: 3-30; p = 0.021). The low CRC and advanced adenoma yield allow for a more personalised surveillance program. Following our findings combined with literature on CRC risk and progression, we suggest starting CCS at age 40 with variable follow-up intervals between 1 and 10 years depending on previous colonoscopy findings.