Toll-like receptor 3 polymorphisms rs5743305 and rs3775291 affect innate immune responses in whole blood analyses

mechanistic study proved that the PPAR-γ signal was suppressed during the polarization of macrophages under pH = 6.5 culture media.The addition of PPAR-γ agonist GW1929 inhibited M1 polarization under acidic environment and reduced HIRI.Conclusion: Our results indicate that acidic microenvironment is a key regulator in HIRI which promoted M1 polarization of macrophages through regulating PPAR-γ.Conversely, PPAR-γ activation reduced liver injury, which provides a novel therapeutic concept to prevent HIRI.