Male Guinea baboon tracking of female whereabouts

In group-living species, evolution puts a premium on the ability of individuals to track the state, whereabouts, and interactions of others. The value of social information might vary with the degree of competition within and between groups, however. We investigated male monitoring of female location in wild Guinea baboons ( Papio papio ). Guinea baboons live in socially tolerant multi-level societies with one-male-units comprising 1-6 females and young at the core. Using field playback experiments, we tested whether males (N=22 males, N=62 trials) keep track of the whereabouts of associated females by playing back unit females’ calls from locations that were either consistent or inconsistent with the actual position of the female. Contrary to predictions, males responded equally strongly in both conditions. In a preparatory experiment, males (N=14) responded more strongly to playbacks of unit vs. non-unit females. While males seem to recognize their females by voice, they were not able or not motivated to track their females’ movements. These results reinforce the view that the value of social information may vary substantially with the distribution of power in a society. While highly competitive regimes necessitate high attention to deviations from expected patterns, egalitarian societies allow for a certain degree of obliviousness. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.