In-cell DNP NMR reveals multiple targeting effect of antimicrobial peptide

•DNP NMR allowed simultaneous monitoring of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of E. coli cells.•The bacterial stress response against an antimicrobial peptide was measured in situ.•The antimicrobial peptide maculatin 1.1 significantly compacted nucleic acids in bacteria.•Maculatin 1.1 prevented salt bridges forming between membrane lipids.