Trust and activation in defining patient-clinician interactions for chronic disease management.

OBJECTIVE:Patient-clinician relationship quality and patient activation can both improve patient health outcomes, but prior work has primarily examined these factors independently. We examine how these two factors shape patient behavior in the setting of ambulatory heart failure care, where serial intensification of multiple medications is central to chronic care delivery. METHODS:We used content analysis to analyze 22 in-depth patient interviews and 32 audio-recorded clinic visits collected for the EPIC-HF Trial. This was a secondary analysis providing qualitative depth to the parent RCT. RESULTS:We identified a typology of patient activation and patient-clinician relationship quality, with four types: Supported, Skeptical, Deferential, and Unempowered. Types were sensitive to time and context; a given patient might occupy multiple types throughout the course of a single clinic visit. The effects of patient-activation and the patient-clinician relationship appeared to be bidirectional, with each influencing the other. CONCLUSION:Patient-clinician relationship quality and patient activation are dominant in shaping clinical interactions and disease management. This interaction is dynamic, and patients may change types depending on time, place, or context. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS:These findings suggest that both patient activation and high relationship quality work together to create a supportive environment for chronic care, where intermittent skepticism, deference or empowerment may be useful at particular times or in certain situations.