The Role of Alpha and Beta Oscillations in the Human EEG During Perception and Memory Processes

The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency(2022)

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摘要
Abstract Traditionally alpha and beta oscillations have been viewed a passive phenomenon, being active only when our minds are idling. Empirical evidence over the last two decades challenges this classic view and suggests that alpha/beta oscillations play a much more active role during cognitive processes. In the human brain, alpha oscillations influence processing of large neural ensembles by regulating the strength of synchronization within these ensembles and by providing discrete time windows for firing. With EEG recordings we can observe these two mechanisms via modulations of the signal strength (i.e., power) and modulations of phase, respectively. This chapter focuses on these two signal properties of alpha/beta oscillations and reviews studies that investigated the relevance of alpha power and phase modulations in tasks involving perception and memory processes. These studies reveal a reduction in alpha/beta power when a stimulus is being perceived or mentally replayed. Furthermore, alpha phase reflects rhythmical sampling of stimulus information during perception, and the replay of that information during retrieval. Based on these findings, we argue that alpha oscillations play an active role in representing information-rich content in the brain. Importantly, alpha/beta oscillations perform this function regardless of whether the information is being presented externally, as is the case in perception, or whether it is being generated internally, as is the case in memory retrieval.
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