Microbial adaptations in extreme environmental conditions

Our earth is home to a vast majority of microorganisms which have been an interesting field of study for a period of years. Microorganisms have been proven to be beneficial in many aspects of our lives. Extremophilic microbes are found in the “extreme” environments ranging from the bottom of deep oceans, glacial deserts, and hypersaline environments (Dead Sea) to hot springs. Variety of extremophiles thrive at different environmental conditions; temperature variations, pressure, salinity, pH, radiation by developing molecular mechanisms which stabilizes their proteins, cell membranes, lipids, and nucleic acids. The enzymes derived from these extremophiles led to scientific advancements by their application in the field of biotechnology and industrial fields.