Kidney Disease and Its Replacement Techniques Utilizing MEMS-Microfluidics Technology: A Systematic Review

The human body is complex but very interesting to discover. The human body has many unsolved riddles which yet haven’t been answered and sometimes even astonishes scientists and doctors when something new is discovered. The whole review consists of the functionality of the kidney; it causes of dysfunction, methods of detection, replacement techniques, and kidney-on-chip. Since every organ in the human body malfunctions due to various complications in its working which leads to various diseases. About, 13% of the world’s population is affected by kidney diseases. Since replacement techniques like dialysis and kidney transplantation are costly and sometimes, not available also due to lack of donors (in case of kidney transplantation). Researchers and scientists are trying to develop the kidney’s function artificially which is termed kidney-on-chip which is a revolutionary idea.