A Taxonomy of Cyber Attacks in Smart Manufacturing Systems

A revolution in manufacturing systems is underway with smart manufacturing becoming an integral component of the broader push towards Industry 4.0. As the modern manufacturing industry continues to bridge digital and physical environments through the use of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud systems, data analytics, and machine learning, this integration of physical industrial systems with cyber technology has led to an increase in cyber-physical attacks with ongoing discovery of new security challenges. The increase in the frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks within the manufacturing sector poses a significant threat to companies and organizations everywhere making security challenges in smart manufacturing a global concern. This chapter provides a comprehensive study of common security challenges and attacks faced by smart manufacturing systems today and uses the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile—an essential factor to developing secure architecture for manufacturers worldwide—as a guideline to highlight cyber incidents that have occurred within the manufacturing sector. We present a taxonomy of attacks observed and reported in smart manufacturing that will help both manufacturers and researchers gain a deeper understanding of malicious activities in this industry and mapping these attacks with the NIST manufacturing framework helps manufacturers with awareness and protection tools to meet the security needs of their manufacturing systems.