Energy Efficiency and Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks: Analysis and Review

Energy efficiency and fault tolerance are two essential parameters for any WSN to have the responsibility of extending network lifetime and providing uninterruptible services. However, the primary restriction on WSNs is the sensor nodes’ low power consumption due to their use of tiny batteries. Energy-efficiency mechanisms enable the WSN to extend the total network lifetime in various circumstances. The sensor network’s fault tolerance capability ensures that WSNs continue to operate normally in the event of failure. Sensors are prone to failure due to their operation in hostile environments. Thus, the energy efficiency and the fault tolerance of the WSNs are critical for the long-term functioning of WSNs. Numerous researchers have investigated and contributed to a range of resources and fault-tolerant methods in this area. The authors analyze and review the critical changes and improvements in this paper by highlighting the new difficulties posed by crucial concerns. In addition, the authors discuss and analyze energy efficiency and fault tolerance issues in WSNs. Finally, we summarize and analyze the discussion on energy-efficient performance concerns, fault detection, and diagnostic techniques and suggest future research recommendations.